Pricing Decision Essay Example for Free

Pricing Decision Essay Companies in their endeavor to succeed in the highly competitive and dynamic market are now considering a clear focus on their marketing strategies. This is in order that they may remain relevant in the fast changing business environment, market conditions and consumer preferences. It is important that a company considers the effects of the changes in the business environment including price variations initiated by its competitors This is best done by first analyzing the prices offered by the competitors visa vie the company’s cost structure and the competitor’s chances to change in response to the company’s new price offers (Kotler 2003. p 66). Pricing Strategies The company needs to figure out the best strategy to implement in order to achieve the optimum prices for its products. To initiate cost-cutting with a view to improve on the profitability of the company the company must have an understanding of the type of cost that it needs to manage. This will be to a large extent influenced by its style of management, sources of professional advice, the broader vision of the company’s goals, communication strategy, and company’s capitalization in relation to debt-equity ratio and the cost of borrowing (Sherman 2007. p 3-4). The company also needs to understand the several types of costs that it incurs. The various types of costs are research and development costs, the overheads and administrative costs, human capital costs including health care costs, salaries and employee benefits, infrastructure and system costs, advertising and promotional costs, fixed and variable costs, and debt-servicing costs. The bottom line is to thoroughly examine each of these cost categories and weigh their importance to the company’s business operations, consider more efficient available alternatives, and the possible implications of the cost reduction strategy (Sherman 2007. p5 9). A company such as Wal-Mart that has for years been ahead of its competitors by offering the lowest prices for its goods. Wal-Mart is able to manage favorable price cuts by implementing price cut strategies such as endeavoring to reduce its costs by pursuing a tax reduction strategy. This has been through its investments in Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) in order to exploit tax loopholes and avoid some of the taxes levied in particular states (Moore 2007. p. 2). Having accomplished the above cost reduction strategy, the company may the come up with appropriate pricing for its products. This is done by first understanding pricing methods. There are six pricing methods that would lead to an informed decision in fixing prices. These are markup pricing method, the target return pricing method, perceived value method of pricing, value based pricing, the going-rate method of pricing and the sealed-bid method of pricing (Kotler 2003. p 66). Implications of Price Cuts and Conclusion The price of the product or service is a major factor that influences customer’s purchase decision is the marketing mix. A combination of the cost reduction strategy and an appropriate pricing strategy is more likely to benefit the company and enable it attain a competitive advantage over its competitors. By adopting market responsive cost cutting strategies in the communication industry, companies in turn helped create a better way of life whereby customers are now able to communicate more often and at lower prices Salazar 2007. p. 1). This translates to increased profits to the service providers as they are able to sell more units than before. References Kotler, P. (2003). Marketing Management. 11th Ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Moore, M. (2007). Taxing Strategies: Always Cutting Prices, Wal-Mart Attempts to Rollback Taxes. Retrieved March 8, 2009 from http://walmartwatch. com/img/blog/NIMSP_tax_strategies. pdf Salazar, L. C. Cost Cutting Strategies at the Bottom of the Pyramid. Retrieved March 8, 2009 from http://www. lirneasia. net/wp-content/uploads/2007/03/2-lcs-shoestrings-sing-28feb07. pps Sherman, A. J. (2007). Strategies for Cutting Costs and Improving Profitability. Retrieved March 8, 2009 from http://www. sbecouncil. org/uploads/PPT%20Cost%20Cutting%20for%20Growth%20and%20Profitability. ppt

The Harm of Milk Essays -- Health Nutrition Milk Essays

The Harm of Milk Got Milk? Well, Austin Powers, Tracy McGrady, Serena Williams, Britney Spears, and even Elvis all do. But, do they know what they are selling in this Got Milk? Advertisements? The Got Milk? campaign was based on a milk deprivation strategy that reminded consumers how inconvenient it was to be without milk. The advertisment made milk a very popular drink because of its attractiveness not because of the nutrients and health issues. It has been believed by many that milk is needed to have a strong and healthy body, when actually milk can be extremely harmful and the nutrients needed for a good body can be found in many other sources. Statistics show that milk consumption is on the rise in the United States since the Got Milk? campaign was launched. In 1993, 58.1 billion pounds of milk was consumed. It had risen to 59.5 billion pounds by 2002, an increase of 1.4 billion pounds (ERS, Animal Products Branch). Another factor causing the milk industry to grow is dairy farmers. They risk the collapse of their industry if the population does not consume enough milk. So, of course, the farmers are pushing us to drink not just one glass, but two and three glasses of milk a day. Their main priority is to make money by getting us to drink milk as much as possible, not to inform us that milk may not be all that healthy because we are not aware of the risks, we tip our glasses and drink up. Milk is not as nutritionally essential as it is portrayed, but rather it is harmful to our bodies. Heart disease is America ¡Ã‚ ¯s number-one killer. The main causes of this disease have been believed to be such things as smoking, stress, and even lack of companionship. However, according to an article in Earth Island Journal, milk consumption is probably the number one cause of heart disease. By the time the average American turns fifty-two, he or she will have consumed in milk and dairy products the same amount of cholesterol contained in one million slices of bacon (  ¡Ã‚ °Milk: The Deadly Poison ¡Ã‚ ±). Dairy products are the most instant source of saturated fat. Saturated fat increases cholesterol production in the liver. This leads to the formation of fatty deposits in the arteries which increase one ¡Ã‚ ¯s risk of heart attack and stroke ( ¡Ã‚ °The Case against Dairy ¡Ã‚ ±). The high levels of saturated fat and cholesterol found in milk intensify your chances of by pass surge... ...or most people, especially if you don ¡Ã‚ ¯t have some sort of workout plan. As for me I am told to drink milk to gain muscle, because it is the easiest protein for your body to take in. With all of the physical activities that I do being on the Penn State Football Team, I will have less of a risk of having heart problems than people who do not participate in physical activity. That is why it is very important to get the right amount of exercise in order to burn the excess calories from the saturated fat that is contained in regular milk. Even with all of the exercise in the world, there are still problems that can not be taken care of by the consumer. The only way to be sure that you are not going to have physical problems because of milk is to refrain from drinking regular, whole milk and to drink liquids that contain the healthier calcium and protein that milk in known for.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If you are a milk drinker, I encourage you to take a long hard look at all the risks involved with consuming this product. It could prevent you from having heart disease or other ailments associated with milk. So next time you see an advertisement for  ¡Ã‚ °Got Milk? ¡Ã‚ ± as yourself,  ¡Ã‚ °Got Something Else? ¡Ã‚ ± The Harm of Milk Essays -- Health Nutrition Milk Essays The Harm of Milk Got Milk? Well, Austin Powers, Tracy McGrady, Serena Williams, Britney Spears, and even Elvis all do. But, do they know what they are selling in this Got Milk? Advertisements? The Got Milk? campaign was based on a milk deprivation strategy that reminded consumers how inconvenient it was to be without milk. The advertisment made milk a very popular drink because of its attractiveness not because of the nutrients and health issues. It has been believed by many that milk is needed to have a strong and healthy body, when actually milk can be extremely harmful and the nutrients needed for a good body can be found in many other sources. Statistics show that milk consumption is on the rise in the United States since the Got Milk? campaign was launched. In 1993, 58.1 billion pounds of milk was consumed. It had risen to 59.5 billion pounds by 2002, an increase of 1.4 billion pounds (ERS, Animal Products Branch). Another factor causing the milk industry to grow is dairy farmers. They risk the collapse of their industry if the population does not consume enough milk. So, of course, the farmers are pushing us to drink not just one glass, but two and three glasses of milk a day. Their main priority is to make money by getting us to drink milk as much as possible, not to inform us that milk may not be all that healthy because we are not aware of the risks, we tip our glasses and drink up. Milk is not as nutritionally essential as it is portrayed, but rather it is harmful to our bodies. Heart disease is America ¡Ã‚ ¯s number-one killer. The main causes of this disease have been believed to be such things as smoking, stress, and even lack of companionship. However, according to an article in Earth Island Journal, milk consumption is probably the number one cause of heart disease. By the time the average American turns fifty-two, he or she will have consumed in milk and dairy products the same amount of cholesterol contained in one million slices of bacon (  ¡Ã‚ °Milk: The Deadly Poison ¡Ã‚ ±). Dairy products are the most instant source of saturated fat. Saturated fat increases cholesterol production in the liver. This leads to the formation of fatty deposits in the arteries which increase one ¡Ã‚ ¯s risk of heart attack and stroke ( ¡Ã‚ °The Case against Dairy ¡Ã‚ ±). The high levels of saturated fat and cholesterol found in milk intensify your chances of by pass surge... ...or most people, especially if you don ¡Ã‚ ¯t have some sort of workout plan. As for me I am told to drink milk to gain muscle, because it is the easiest protein for your body to take in. With all of the physical activities that I do being on the Penn State Football Team, I will have less of a risk of having heart problems than people who do not participate in physical activity. That is why it is very important to get the right amount of exercise in order to burn the excess calories from the saturated fat that is contained in regular milk. Even with all of the exercise in the world, there are still problems that can not be taken care of by the consumer. The only way to be sure that you are not going to have physical problems because of milk is to refrain from drinking regular, whole milk and to drink liquids that contain the healthier calcium and protein that milk in known for.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If you are a milk drinker, I encourage you to take a long hard look at all the risks involved with consuming this product. It could prevent you from having heart disease or other ailments associated with milk. So next time you see an advertisement for  ¡Ã‚ °Got Milk? ¡Ã‚ ± as yourself,  ¡Ã‚ °Got Something Else? ¡Ã‚ ±

Maths

GCSE Mathematics Specimen Papers and Mark Schemes For first teaching from September 2010 For first examination in Summer 2011 For first award in Summer 2012 Subject Code: 2210 Foreword The awarding bodies have prepared new specifications to comply with revised GCSE criteria. The specimen examination papers accompanying new specifications are provided to give centres guidance on the structure and character of the planned examinations in advance of the first examination.It is intended that the specimen papers and mark schemes contained in this booklet will help teachers and students to understand, as fully as possible, the markers’ expectations of candidates’ responses to the types of questions set at GCSE level. These specimen papers and mark schemes should be used in conjunction with CCEA’s GCSE Mathematics specification. GCSE Mathematics Specimen Papers and Mark Schemes Contents Specimen Papers Unit T1 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Unit T2 Mathematics (Foundatio n Tier) Unit T3 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Unit T4 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Unit T5 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Paper 1Unit T5 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Paper 2 Unit T6 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Paper 1 Unit T6 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Paper 2 1 3 23 43 63 83 93 107 121 Mark Schemes General Marking Instructions Unit T1 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Unit T2 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Unit T3 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Unit T4 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Unit T5 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Paper 1 Unit T5 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Paper 2 Unit T6 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Paper 1 Unit T6 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Paper 2 133 135 137 143 149 157 163 167 171 175 Subject Code QAN 2210 500/7925/6A CCEA Publication  © 2010 You may download further copies of this publication from www. ccea. org. uk SPECIMEN PAPERS DIVIDER PAPER FRONT 1 SPECIMEN PAPERS DIVIDER PAPER BACK 2 Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2011 Mathematics For Examine r’s use only Question Marks Number Unit T1 (With calculator) Foundation Tier [CODE] SPECIMEN EXAMINATION PAPER TIME 1 hour 30 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper.Answer all twenty five questions. Any working should be clearly shown in the spaces provided since marks may be awarded for partially correct solutions. You may use a calculator for this paper. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 100. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. Functional elements will be assessed in this paper. Quality of written communication will be assessed in questions 6 and 23. You should have a calculator, ruler, compasses and a protractor.The formula sheet is overleaf. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 T otal Marks 3 Foundation Tier Formulae Sheet Area of trapezium = 1 (a + b)h 2 Volume of prism = area of cross section ? length 4 Answer all questions 1 (a) Write 80% as a decimal Answer _____________ [1] Answer ___________ % [1] Answer_____________________ [1] Answer_____________ [1] Answer_____________ [1] (b) Write 0. 35 as a percentage (c) Write 48 million in figures (d) 5729 people attended a football match. Write the number 5729 to (i) the nearest 10 (ii) the nearest 100 2 (a)Find the next 2 terms in the sequence and explain the rule you used: 6, 11, 16, 21, _____, ______ Rule _________________________________________________ [3] (b) Find the next term in the sequence 0. 2, 0. 4, 0. 8, 1. 6, _______ [1] 5 3 The diagram shows a tiled patio in the shape of a rectangle 3 by 16, covered with 48 square tiles. Write down the length and width of 2 other possible rectangles which can be covered with 48 of these square tiles. Answer__________ by__________ __________ by__________ 4 [1] [1 ] Michael recorded the colours of cars in the school car park in a tally chart. ColourTally Frequency Red |||| 4 Blue || 2 Yellow ||| Black |||| || White |||| |||| Silver |||| Green |||| (a) Complete the frequency column. [1] (b) On the grid opposite, draw a frequency diagram to show this information. [3] 6 (c) What is the most popular colour of car in the car park? Answer_________________ (d) [1] Using the frequency table, write down the fraction of the total cars which are yellow. Answer_________________ 7 [1] 5 (a) (i) Shade the major segment in the circle below [1] (ii) (b) PQ is called a _________________ of the circle. (i) Shade the minor sector in the circle below. 1] [1] (ii) OS is called a _______________ of the circle. 8 [1] 6 The table below shows the percentage of pupils at a High School who obtained a grade C or better in GCSE Mathematics during the past five years. Year % of pupils (a) 2004 75 2005 78 2006 82 2007 84 2008 90 Which year showed the smallest improvement? Answer______________ (b) [1] Your quality of written communication will be assessed in this question The school wants to show this information using a statistical diagram. Which type of diagram would you use? Answer__________________________ [1] Give a reason for your answer. _______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 7 [2] Here is a list of numbers 25 27 32 35 8 21 9 (a) From the list write down those numbers which are (i) multiples of 5 Answer____________ (ii) [1] Answer____________ [1] factors of 54 9 (b) From the list of numbers (i) calculate the mean Answer_____________ Answer_____________ (ii) 8 [2] [2] find the median In a mid season sale a clothing shop has 20% off all its items. Clare bought a dress which originally cost ? 50 and a hat which originally cost ? 25 (a)How much did she save in the sale? Answer ? _____________ Answer ? _____________ (b) 9 [2] [1] Answer_____________ [2] What wa s her total bill? Simplify 5p ? 2r ? 3p + 5r 10 10 (a) Jo bought 6 roses at 67p each. What change did she get from a ? 5 note? Answer ? _____________ (b) Five kilograms of potatoes and two kilograms of onions cost ? 4. 10 in total. The potatoes cost 62p per kilogram. How much would it cost in total to buy one kilogram of potatoes and one kilogram of onions? Answer ? _____________ 11 [2] [4] The brick shown below is in the form of a cuboid, measuring 6. 4 metres by 3. metres by 2. 6 metres. Calculate the volume of the brick. Answer_____________ 11 [3] 12 Calculate (a) the square root of 1. 44 Answer_____________ Answer_____________ (e) 13 [2] Answer_____________ (d) [1] Answer_____________ (c) [1] Answer_____________ (b) [1] [2] the cube of 2. 8 2. 32 ? 1. 69 3 of 125 5 5. 62 ? 3. 4 The table below gives the maximum and minimum temperatures of six different cities in Europe in March. City Belfast Minimum 2 ° C Dublin ?1 ° C 9 ° C London 4 ° C 16 ° C Edinburgh 0 ° C 11 ° C Barcelona 10 ° C 19 ° C 8 ° C 20 ° C Paris (a) Maximum 10 ° C Which minimum temperature was the lowest?Answer____________________ ° C 12 [1] (b) In two of these cities the temperatures had increased from minimum to maximum by 12 ° C. Write down the names of these two cities. Answer____________________ and ____________________ [2] What is the difference in minimum temperature between Dublin and Paris? (c) Answer_____________ ° C 14 [1] Answer_______________ [1] Answer_____________ % [1] Answer_____________ % [1] Results of a Year 12 Physics test 9 8 7 6 5 4 2 0 2 7 4 6 Key 5 4 (a) 5 1 5 8 6 7 6 8 9 7 9 8 9 9 means 54% How many pupils sat the Physics test? (b) What is the modal percentage mark? c) What is the range of percentage marks? 13 15 The diagram shows the plan for a rectangular garden. Calculate (a) the area of the garden Answer____________m2 [2] Answer____________m2 [2] (b) the area of the plot for the trees A border needs to be dug around the perimeter of the garden. (c) Calculate the perimeter of the garden. Answer____________m 14 [2] 16 The diagram shows a pizza which has been divided into 8 equal parts. The shaded parts are eaten. (a) Write down, as a fraction in its lowest terms, the fraction that is eaten. Answer_____________ Answer___________ % (b) 17 [2] [1]What percentage is left uneaten? Which fractions from the list given below are not equivalent to 2 ? 3 8 10 16 4 12 , , ,, 12 15 28 6 16 Answer_____________ 15 [2] 18 In a survey 300 men were asked which sport they liked best. The pie-chart below shows the results. (a) Measure the angle which represents Basketball. Answer_____________? (b) [1] What fraction of men chose Rugby as their favourite sport? Answer_____________ (c) [1] Answer_____________ [2] How many men chose Hurling as their favourite sport? 16 19 (a) Expand 3(x + 1) Answer______________ [2] Answer_____________ [2] (b) Solve 2y + 3 = 19 0 In the diagram the point P (? 4, 4) has been plotted. (a) Plot the follow ing points on the diagram, labelling clearly Q (? 2, ? 3), R (5, ? 3) and S (3, 4) [3] (b) Join up the points in order and name the quadrilateral formed. Answer____________________ 17 [1] 21 (Diagram not drawn accurately) Calculate (a) x x = ___________? [1] y = ___________? [1] (b) y 22 Draw the net of the matchbox tray (no lid) shown in the diagram, which has base 5cm by 3cm and height 2cm, on the square grid provided. [3] 18 23 Your quality of written communication will be assessed in this question Fred has just won ? 00. 1 1 of it to his son, James. He has promised of it to his daughter, Kathy and 5 4 How much will he have left after he gives Kathy and James their shares? Show clearly each step of your working out. Answer ? _____________ 19 [4] 24 The positions of two towns A and B are shown on the grid. (a) A third town C is 3km east and 2km north of A. Using a scale of 1cm = 0. 5km, show the position of C. (b) [2] How far is C from A? Answer_____________km 20 [3] 25 The follow ing information shows how Sinead spends her time on a Saturday. Activity Cleaning Watching TV Number of hours 2 Using Shopping he Exercising Internet 5 4 3 2 Sleeping 8 Draw a pie chart to illustrate this data. [4] 21 ___________________________________________ THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER ___________________________________________ 22 Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2011 Mathematics Unit T2 (With calculator) Foundation Tier [CODE] SPECIMEN EXAMINATION PAPER TIME 1 hour 30 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in the question paper.Answer all twenty three questions. Any working should be clearly shown in the spaces provided since marks may be awarded for partially correct solutions. You may use a calculator for this paper. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 100. Figures in b rackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. Functional Elements will be assessed in this paper. Quality of written communication will be assessed in questions 5 and 17. You should have a calculator, ruler, compasses and protractor. The formula sheet is overleaf.For Examiner’s use only Question Marks Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Total Marks 23 Foundation Tier Formulae Sheet Area of trapezium = 1 (a + b)h 2 Volume of prism = area of cross section ? length 24 Answer all questions 1 Five kilograms of potatoes and two kilograms of onions cost ? 4. 10 in total. The potatoes cost 62p per kilogram. How much would it cost in total to buy one kilogram of potatoes and one kilogram of onions? Answer ? _____________ 2 Answer_____________ (a) [4] [2] Answer_____________ [2] Simplify 5p ? 2r ? 3p + 5r (b) Expand ?2(2y ? 3) 25 3 Calculate a) the cube of 2. 8 Answer______________ Answer__ ____________ (b) (c) [1] [1] Answer______________ [2] 2. 32 + 1. 69 5. 62 ? 3. 4 26 4 Results of a Year 12 Physics test 9 8 7 6 5 4 2 0 2 7 4 6 Key 5 4 (a) 5 1 5 8 6 7 6 8 9 7 9 8 9 9 means 54% How many pupils sat the Physics test? Answer_____________ (b) [1] What is the modal percentage mark? Answer___________% Answer___________% (c) 5 [1] [1] What is the range of percentage marks? Quality of written communication will be assessed in this question Fred has just won ? 900 1 1 He has promised of it to his daughter Kathy, and of it to his son James. 4 How much will he have left after he gives Kathy and James their shares? Show clearly each step of your working out. Answer ? ______________ 27 [4] 6 The positions of two towns A and B are shown on the grid. (a) A third town C is on a bearing of 120? from B and at a distance of 2. 5 km from B. Using a scale of 1 cm = 0. 5km, show the position of C. [3] (b) How far is C from A? Answer _____________ km [2] 28 7 The following information sho ws how Sinead spends her time on a Saturday. Activity Cleaning Watching TV Shopping Number of hours 2 5 4 Using the Exercising Internet 3 2 Sleeping 8Draw a pie chart to illustrate this data. [4] 8 Solve (a) x = 15 4 Answer x = _____________ (b) [1] Answer y = _____________ [2] 6y ? 2 = 13 29 9 Write down the next two numbers in the sequence 11, 10, 8, 5, ____, _____ Answer________, _________ 10 [2] In the diagram the volume of the cuboid is 48cm3. It holds exactly 48 sugar cubes each 1cm by 1cm by 1cm. The length of the cuboid is 4cm and the breadth is 3cm. (a) What is the height of the cuboid? Answer_____________ (b) Write down the dimensions of another cuboid that the 48 cubes could fit into exactly. Answer______cm by______cm by______cm 1 (a) [3] Find the value of [1] 3. 8 ? 6. 2 giving your answer correct to 1 decimal place. 9. 1 ? 2. 7 Answer_____________ 30 [2] (b) A plasma TV has a marked price of ? 790 In a sale its price is reduced by 15% What is the sale price of the TV? A nswer ? _____________ (c) [3] Mary’s family drink 3 cartons of orange juice in 5 days. How many cartons would Mary need to buy to last a full week? Answer _____________cartons 12 [3] Write down an expression for the total cost of x bars of chocolate at 35p each and y bottles of water at 50p each. Answer_______________________ 31 [2] 13Draw the graph of y = 4x–3 on the grid below. [3] 14 (Diagram not drawn accurately) The quadrilateral shown has angles x, 79? , 3x, and 97? Work out the value of x Answer x = _________________o 32 [4] 15 (a) (Diagram not drawn accurately) In the triangle ABC shown above BC = 8. 5 cm and AX = 6. 4 cm. Calculate the area of the triangle ABC. Answer___________________cm2 [2] (b) (Diagram not drawn accurately) ABCDE is a regular pentagon, with O as its centre. Calculate the size of angle AOB. Answer Angle AOB = _____________? 33 [2] 16 Find the area of a circle with a diameter of 3 metres.Take ? = 3. 14 Answer___________________m2 17 (a) [2] The speeds, in miles per hour, of the cars passing the gates of a primary school during lunch hour are recorded in the table below. Speed (mph) No. of cars 0–5 2 6–10 5 11–15 34 16–20 61 21–25 29 26–30 4 Represent this information using a bar chart. [3] 34 (b) Which is the modal class interval? Answer________________ (c) [1] Your quality of written communication will be assessed in this question Katy wants to know how many times a month, on average, the people in her town go to the cinema. She asks 200 people in her school.Explain why Katy’s sample may not be representative of the people in her town. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 35 [2] 18 (a) Write 72 as a product of prime factors Answer______________ (b) [2] Find the lowest common multiple (LCM) of 72 and 108 Answer______________ Answer______________ (c) 19 [2] [2] Find the highest comm on factor (HCF) of 72 and 108 Susan puts ? 1700 in her bank account at 4. 2% simple interest each year. Calculate the total amount in her bank account after 3 years. Answer ? ________________ 36 [3] 0 (a) Expand and simplify 4(2 – 3x) + 3(x + 4) Answer________________ Answer________________ [2] Answer x =________________ (b) [2] [3] Answer________________ [2] Expand x ( x 2 – 6) (c) Solve for x 7x + 18 = 2(x – 6) 21 (a) ? A regular polygon has an exterior angle of 18 Find the number of sides in the polygon. 37 (b) The diagram shows a play tent in the shape of a triangular prism. Calculate the volume of the tent. Answer_____________________cm3 38 [6] 22 A teacher recorded the number of hours 50 students used the internet over a 7 day period. The information is shown in the table below. Number of Hours 0? h

Basics About Blended Fuels, What Are They

Blends are mixtures of traditional and alternative fuels in varying percentages. Blends can be thought of as transitional fuels. The lowest-percentage blends are being marketed and introduced to work with current technologies while paving the way for future integration. For example, B5 and B20 (biodiesel) can be pumped directly into the tank of any diesel car or truck. Ethanol is also blended (about 10 percent) into much of the gasoline dispensed in the United States, especially in metropolitan areas, to reduce emissions. Importance It’s all part of the transition to using more alternative fuels. Although pure alcohol (ethanol or methanol) will burn independently, cold weather starting can be a problem. An engine has to be designed exclusively for a particular fuel to take advantage of all the characteristics of that fuel. Without the infrastructure in place to support pure alcohol fuels, flex-fuel vehicles (FFVs) have been designed to run on both alcohol and gasoline. FFVs marry the best characteristics of both ethanol and gasoline (or methanol and gasoline) and make it possible to utilize higher blend percentages such as E85 (ethanol) and M85 (methanol). Pros Cleaner burning than straight gasoline: Reduced exhaust emissions.Partially renewable: A portion of the fuel used can be replenished without fossil fuel reliance. Cons Corrosive: High alcohol content can be damaging to fuel systems.For the higher blends such as E85, an FFV is needed. Safety Handling The blends tend to be less volatile than gasoline with a reduced chance of explosions in accidents. Potential As transitional fuels, blends are extremely popular with excellent potential. Ethanol has captured most of the developmental resources encouraging the planning and building of new refineries for these grain-based alcohols.